Colorectal cancer—often called colon cancer—is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second deadliest cancer in the United States, according to the Colorectal Cancer Alliance. But unlike many other cancers, it often develops slowly from small growths called polyps. That gives doctors the chance to find and remove them before cancer forms.

And if cancer is present, catching it early can make a life-changing difference. That's why a colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for screening. It can prevent cancer and detect it early, when treatment is most effective.

If you’re 45 or older—or have a family history of colon cancer—it's important to understand colon cancer screening and colonoscopy services in Brevard County.

What is colon cancer?

Colon cancer begins when abnormal cells grow in the colon or rectum, which are key parts of the digestive system.

In many cases, colon cancer develops from polyps, small growths that form in the lining of the colon. These polyps usually grow slowly, often taking five to ten years to develop into cancer.

This slow growth gives doctors an important opportunity to detect and remove polyps early.
During a colonoscopy, physicians can:

• Detect polyps early.
• Remove precancerous growths.
• Prevent cancer before it develops.
   

When should you get a colonoscopy?

Screening guidelines have changed in recent years because doctors are seeing more cases of colon cancer in younger adults.

Today, experts recommend:

• Routine colon cancer screening beginning at age 45.
• Earlier screening for people with family history or other risk factors.

• Continued screening through age 75, depending on overall health.

   

If a close family member had colon cancer, doctors often recommend screening 10 years earlier than the age they were diagnosed.

For example:

• If a parent was diagnosed at 50, screening may begin at 40.
• If they were diagnosed earlier, screening may start even sooner.

If you’re unsure when to begin screening, a gastroenterologist can help determine the right plan based on your health history and risk factors.
 

Who may be at higher risk for colon cancer?

While age is the most common risk factor, several factors can increase the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer, including:

• Family history of colon cancer or colon polyps.
• Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis).
• Obesity.
• Diets high in processed or red meats.
• Sedentary lifestyle or lack of physical activity.
• Certain inherited genetic conditions.
   

Why colonoscopies are considered the gold standard for screening.

There are other screening options available, including stool-based tests that detect signs of cancer. However, these tests cannot remove polyps or prevent cancer from forming.

A colonoscopy allows doctors to:

• View the entire colon.
• Detect abnormalities early.

• Remove precancerous polyps immediately.

   

Because of this, colonoscopies remain the most effective tool for preventing colorectal cancer.

Take the next step for your digestive health.

Colon cancer is one of the few cancers that can often be prevented through screening.

A colonoscopy is a fast, simple procedure that can help detect and remove polyps before they become cancer—providing long-term protection for your digestive health.

If you’re 45 or older, or have a family history of colon cancer, it may be time to talk with a specialist.

Learn more about colorectal health at hf.org/digestivecare